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R v Gnango : ウィキペディア英語版
R v Gnango

''Regina v Armel Gnango'' is the leading English criminal law case on the interaction of joint enterprise, transferred malice, and exemption from criminal liability where a party to what would normally be a crime is the victim of it. The Supreme Court held, restoring Gnango's conviction for the murder of Magda Pniewska, that he was guilty of murder notwithstanding the fact that he had not fired the shot which killed Pniewska during the shoot out which led to her death, and that the fatal shot had been fired by his opponent in an attempt to kill him. The judgment of the Supreme Court has been criticised over the extent to which it was designed to mollify public opinion, and in the context of ongoing debates over the nature of the doctrine of joint enterprise.
==Background==
At approximately 6.20 pm on 2 October 2007, 26-year-old Polish care worker Magda Pniewska was making her way home from her place of work at Manley Court, a care home run by Bupa in New Cross in South East London.〔Supreme Court judgment at ()〕 While talking to her sister in Poland on her mobile telephone, she was killed by a single shot to the head.〔 She had been caught in the cross fire between two gunmen in a car park, and died outside Stunnel House in John Williams Close.〔 The two gunmen in question were seventeen-year-old Armel Gnango and "Bandana man". The apparent cause of the gunfight was a debt of less than £100.〔 Scientific examination demonstrated that "Bandana man", not Gnango, had fired the fatal shot. After Pniewska was shot, both Gnango and "Bandana man" fled the scene.〔Supreme Court judgment at ()-()〕〔Court of Appeal judgment at ()〕 The killing was widely reported in the media as an example of a "Wild west" shoot out.〔V. Soodin, ("'Wild west' teen shooter guilty" ), ''The Sun'', (22 May 2008)〕〔Daily Mail Reporter, ("Jailed for life: Teenager who killed Polish careworker in 'Wild West' shoot-out" ), ''The Daily Mail'', (23 June 2008)〕〔Sky News, ("'Wild West' Murder Teen Given Life" ), Sky News Online, (23 June 2008)〕〔("Life sentence for teen killer" ), ''The Metro'', (23 June 2008)〕

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